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Pejuang Rep. This card contained only RAM; the hardware and firmware for the column display was built into the Apple IIe, remaining fairly compatible with the older Videx-style cards, even though the low-level details were very different. An "extended column card" with more memory expanded the machine's RAM to kB.
As with the language card, the memory in the column card was bank-switched over the machine's main RAM; this made the memory better suited to data storage than to running software, and in fact the ProDOS operating system, which was introduced with the Apple IIe, would automatically configure this memory as a RAM disk upon booting.
Third-party aux-slot memory cards later allowed expansion up to 1 MB. While it was possible for software to switch out the column firmware, making the firmware of a card in slot 3 available with a card in the auxiliary slot, it was not a common thing to do.
This meant that it actually was possible to use slot 3 for things, such as coprocessor cards and language cards, that did not use slot firmware space. This controller was by design functionally identical to the original Disk II controller but used a different connector, allowing a single cable to control both drives in the DuoDisk.
The DuoDisk was plagued by reliability problems, however, and did not catch on as well as the Apple IIe itself. Apple released the Apple IIc in April , billing it as a portable Apple II, because it could be easily carried; however, it lacked battery power and a built-in display, so while it was portable, it was not mobile in the common modern sense.
The IIc even sported a carrying handle that folded down to prop the machine up into a typing position. It was the first of three Apple II models to be made in the Snow White design language, and the only one that used its unique creamy off-white color.
Unlike previous Apple II models, the IIc had no internal expansion slots at all, this being the means by which its compact size was attained. Third parties did eventually figure out how to wedge up to 1 MB of additional memory and a real-time clock into the machine, and a later revision of the motherboard provided an expansion slot that could accept an Apple memory card bearing up to 1 MB of RAM.
To play up the portability, two different monochrome LCD displays were sold for use with the IIc's video expansion port, although both were short-lived due to high cost and poor legibility. An Apple IIc with the smaller of these displays appeared briefly in the film The IIc had an external power supply that converted AC power to 12 V DC, allowing third parties to offer battery packs and automobile power adapters that connected in place of the supplied AC adapter.
The Apple IIc in its American version was the first microcomputer to include support for the Dvorak Simplified Keyboard, which was activated using a switch above the keyboard. This feature was also later found in late-model American Apple IIe computers though the switch was inside the computer and in the Apple II GS accessible via the built-in control panel. The international models used the same mechanism to switch between the localized and the American keyboard layouts, but did not offer Dvorak.
In a departure from earlier Apple II graphics modes, the new modes laid out the scanlines sequentially in memory. However, programmers in search of a graphics challenge could always turn to color mode, which involved precisely swapping in a different color palette for each of the screen's scanlines as the monitor's electron beam traced the screen line by line. This exotic technique did not leave many CPU cycles available for other processing, so this "mode" was best suited to displaying static images.
The Apple II GS stood out from any previous or future Apple II models, evolving and advancing the platform into the next generation of computing while still maintaining near-complete backward compatibility. This, combined with the flawless 65C02 emulation mode of the 65C processor, provided full support for legacy software. The computer also included a voice Ensoniq , 'wavetable' sample-based music synthesizer chip with 64 kB dedicated RAM, kB of standard RAM, built-in peripheral ports switchable between IIe-style card slots and IIc-style onboard controllers for disk drives, mouse, RGB video, and serial devices , built-in AppleTalk networking, and a ROM toolbox that supported a graphical user interface derived from the Macintosh toolbox.
The new OS eventually included a Finder that could be used for managing disks and files and opening documents and applications, along with desk accessories — just like the Macintosh. The bit operating system would automatically switch to the text display and downshift to 8-bit mode to run legacy software, while offering a consistent, Macintosh-like graphical interface for native bit applications. Eventually the II GS gained the ability to read and write Macintosh disks and, through third-party software, even multitasking both cooperative and preemptive, the latter in the form of a Unix-type shell , outline TrueType font support, and in one case, even real-time 3D gaming using texture mapping.
Engineers determined soon after its introduction that if the same use of parallel memory was applied to the hi-res graphics display as was done with the text display, they could create higher density graphics. This version of the Apple IIe was introduced in March of The older column routines were slower than most software developers wanted; they disabled interrupts for too long a time.
Also, there were problems in making Applesoft work properly with the column routines. These problems were solved with the newer ROMs. For those who purchased the Enhanced IIe new, there were modifications to the appearance of the keyboard, including a darker color to the keys, a smaller size to the characters on the keys, a change to black color for the keycap text, and movement of the character to the upper part of the key. This sticker was also included in the upgrade kit. Interrupt handling was also improved.
The new MouseText characters caused a problem for some older programs at first, until they were upgraded; characters previously displayed as inverse upper-case would sometimes display as MouseText instead. No ROM changes were made.
The old shift-key modification was installed, making it possible for programs to determine if the shift-key was being pressed. However, if using a game controller that actually used the third push-button where the shift-key mod was internally connected , pressing shift and the third push-button simultaneously caused a short circuit that shut down the power supply.
In November , the sad news hit the online services GEnie, America Online, etc that the Apple IIe had been removed from the latest price lists distributed by Apple, effectively discontinuing the last remaining Apple II computer from production. In early , Apple introduced a hardware add-on card for the Macintosh LC computer the first low cost Mac that could display color [ 20 ] which allowed it to emulate an K Apple IIe.
Apple engineers managed to put the function of an entire IIe onto a card smaller than the old Disk II controller card. With version 2. To use 5. The cable would split into a game connector for paddles or joystick operation and a connector that accepted IIc and II GS style 5. As a Macintosh it lacked the power and speed of the newer Macintosh II models which also ran color displays. But if having a Apple II and a Mac in one machine was important, this was the best way to do it.
This card lasted longer than the real Apple IIe, not being discontinued until May Many thanks to Peltier Technical Services, Inc. Apple switched from the original keyboard to the later design in They also went to the dyed plastic shell, instead of the previous painted shell for the computer case.
Another change was removing the old ][ and ][ Plus style hook and loop latches for the lid. There may also be software incompatibilities. For example I have an edition of Prince of Persia that runs on a 3. The IIe Card in fast mode runs the clock at 2. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed. The story of "the MOST personal computer"! Apple IIe Enhanced keyboard and power light — Photo credit: personal collection For those who purchased the Enhanced IIe new, there were modifications to the appearance of the keyboard, including a darker color to the keys, a smaller size to the characters on the keys, a change to black color for the keycap text, and movement of the character to the upper part of the key.
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